Abstract. This article examines the application of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for assessing the structural integrity of aircraft components made from polymer-based composite materials. Composite materials are widely used in aviation due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and durability. However, these materials are subject to various defects caused by manufacturing processes, operational loads, and environmental factors such as temperature and humidity fluctuations. Traditional NDT methods, including ultrasonic, radiographic, optical-visual, capillary, and thermal testing, each have specific advantages and limitations. Ultrasonic testing, for example, does not provide comprehensive volumetric analysis, while radiographic methods require complex safety measures. Optical-visual techniques fail to detect internal defects, and capillary methods suffer from low productivity. To address these challenges, the study proposes improvements to existing diagnostic techniques, the development of new automated models, and the optimization of parametric indicators. The research also explores an integrated “human-machine-environment” system to enhance the reliability of defect detection and assessment. Advancements in NDT technologies will not only increase the accuracy and efficiency of aircraft inspections but also improve safety, extend service life, and reduce maintenance costs. The findings of this study contribute to the development of modern diagnostic complexes that ensure higher operational reliability of aircraft structures.

Key words: composite materials, defect, non-destructive testing method, loaded parts, diagnostic models, dynamic correlation.