Abstract. Reverse supply chains (RSCs) have been increasingly promoted as a mechanism for improving resource efficiency and reducing environmental impacts in mining industries. However, in emerging economies such as Kazakhstan, the economic feasibility of mining waste recycling remains uncertain due to long transportation distances, high operational costs, and limited processing infrastructure. While previous studies have demonstrated the potential of optimization-based reverse logistics models, conversion efficiency is commonly treated as an assumed or fixed parameter rather than a critical feasibility condition. This limits the practical applicability of existing models for decision-makers. This study addresses this gap by conducting a threshold (break-even) analysis to identify the minimum conversion efficiency required for reverse supply chain operations to achieve economic viability in Kazakhstan’s mining sector. Building upon an established reverse supply chain cost structure, the proposed approach evaluates system profitability across a range of conversion efficiency levels under alternative logistics scenarios. The analysis focuses on the relationship between conversion efficiency and aggregated cost drivers, including transportation, processing, and fixed operational costs.
The results demonstrate that reverse supply chain feasibility is highly sensitive to conversion efficiency and that profitability can only be achieved once a clearly defined conversion threshold is exceeded. Below this threshold, improvements in logistics efficiency alone are insufficient to offset total system costs. The findings highlight conversion efficiency as a dominant strategic parameter in early-stage reverse supply chain planning for mining waste recycling. By explicitly defining conversion efficiency thresholds, this study provides a practical decision-support tool for policymakers and industry stakeholders. The results contribute to the development of economically grounded reverse supply chain strategies and support the transition toward sustainable and circular mining practices in Kazakhstan.
Key words: reverse supply chain, conversion efficiency, break-even analysis, mining waste recycling, economic feasibility
Abstract. The development of the global economy, the growth of international trade, and the increasing complexity of supply chains are increasing the strategic importance of transport and logistics systems. As part of these processes, transport and logistics services are becoming a key driver of economic growth for countries with high transit potential. The Republic of Kazakhstan is located in the center of the Eurasian continent and at the intersection of major land routes connecting Europe and Asia. This situation creates objective preconditions for strengthening the country’s role in the system of international transport corridors and effectively utilizing its transport and logistics potential. The purpose of this article is to comprehensively analyze the possibilities for increasing Kazakhstan’s transport and logistics potential in the context of developing international transport corridors and identify priority areas for its implementation. The study examined the operations of the main international transport corridors passing through Kazakhstan, the dynamics of transit freight traffic, and the level of development of transport infrastructure. Particular attention was paid to the role of rail transport and multimodal logistics hubs. The results of the study showed that the country’s transport and logistics potential is currently realized primarily through transit, and the level of added value is limited. In conclusion, it was substantiated that improving transport infrastructure, developing a network of logistics hubs, and introducing digital technologies are the main conditions for increasing Kazakhstan’s competitiveness in the international transport system.
Key words: transport and logistics potential, international transport corridors, transit, rail transport, multimodal transportation, logistics hub, transport infrastructure.
Abstrakt. The article addresses the issues related to the study of digital logistics and the analysis of the degree of implementation of modern technologies in the transport and logistics sector of Kazakhstan. The research is based on an assessment of the interconnection between technological readiness, innovation-driven development, and logistics efficiency. Since the late 1990s, when the concepts of internet technologies and the digital economy were first widely discussed, significant transformations have taken place, fundamentally reshaping business processes and consumer practices. Over more than two decades, digitalization has evolved into a crucial driver of competitiveness and efficiency in transport logistics. Today, digitalization is no longer perceived as an innovative phenomenon but as a normative standard of industry development. Practical examples include electronic tickets, online passenger check-in systems, digital navigation platforms, and mobile applications for taxi services. These technologies, which once appeared unattainable, are now integrated into everyday logistics operations and consumer practices. At the same time, the ongoing digital transformation is increasingly oriented towards the adoption of advanced solutions, such as unmanned vehicles, intelligent traffic management systems, and smart transport infrastructure capable of monitoring compliance with traffic regulations. Digital platforms are becoming a cornerstone of the modern global economy by ensuring transparency, accessibility, and efficiency of logistics chains. Their role is particularly significant in enhancing the integration of Kazakhstan’s transport and logistics system into global supply chains, thereby supporting sustainable economic development and strengthening the country’s transit potential.
Keywords: digital logistics, digitalization, innovation, transport infrastructure, freight transportation.
Abstract. At present, the organization of parking spaces constitutes a pressing issue in many cities worldwide, including in our country. This trend is driven by the sustained growth in the level of motorization. Its consequences are manifested in increased traffic flow intensity on urban arterial streets, reduced capacity of major roadways and transport nodes, heightened transportation load on elements of the street and road infrastructure. Under these conditions, municipal authorities face the task of developing a comprehensive project for the organization and management of parking spaces. It is well recognized that the transport infrastructure of each city possesses individual characteristics, historically shaped features and specific challenges. At the same time, the analysis and application of experience from foreign countries with high levels of motorization represent valuable practical and methodological resources that should be taken into account when addressing parking organization issues in large cities of our country. The implementation of substantial changes on arterial streets aimed at increasing the capacity of urban road networks is characteristic of most cities. During certain periods of traffic demand, the reduction of priority transport load on arterial streets may be achieved through the operation of park-and-ride systems. Within the framework of the present study, the isochrone method is considered as the principal methodological tool for assessing the spatiotemporal efficiency of transport systems. The proposed approach is primarily oriented toward the analysis of traffic flows at the urban level.
Keywords: park-and-ride, peak hour, traffic delay, parking systems, traffic flow rate, isochrone, transport load, motor vehicles, arterial streets, traffic composition, street and road network.
Abstract. In the current global context, supply chains are facing heightened exposure to risks arising from political tensions, restrictive trade measures, and rapid technological shifts. Under these conditions, effective risk management becomes not just a supporting function, but a key element of competitiveness. The present study explores how digital solutions can be applied to identify and reduce the most pressing risks in supply chain operations. The research addresses both operational challenges within logistics processes and broader strategic threats. Its primary aim is to demonstrate the contribution of digitalization to risk reduction and overall resilience. For this purpose, a set of complementary methods was applied: Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to detect weaknesses at the process level and comparative assessment of key performance indicators (KPIs) drawn from real-world cases of information system adoption. The analysis showed that the most significant risks are concentrated in warehouse receiving operations, where manual activities often lead to errors, and in order tracking, where insufficient visibility creates delays and customer dissatisfaction. These issues were identified as top priorities for corrective action. At the same time, the adoption of Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) and monitoring platforms significantly reduced errors, accelerated operations, and lowered costs. Comparative case analysis showed measurable improvements: inventory accuracy increased up to 99%, order picking productivity doubled, and logistics costs were substantially reduced. The study concludes that digital technologies not only address internal vulnerabilities but also create conditions for long-term supply chain resilience. However, external risks such as cyber threats and regulatory changes remain beyond the scope of technology alone and require complementary governance measures. It is therefore recommended to combine technological solutions with organizational practices, enabling companies to both prevent disruptions and build sustainable development strategies.
Keywords: supply chains, risks, digital technologies, warehouse management, efficiency, resilience, information systems.
Abstract. This article considers the issues of optimization of industrial railway station track distribution in order to improve the efficiency of wagon flow processing. The relevance of the topic is due to the need for rational use of limited track resources, increasing the throughput and processing capacity of stations, and reducing operating costs. The main attention is paid to the development of optimization models and methods that take into account the features of the formation and processing of wagon flows by destination, the schedule, the processing sequence and the limited track fund. The proposed solutions are based on the application of mathematical modeling methods, graph theory, linear and discrete programming. The results can be used to develop automated station control systems, which will significantly improve planning and operational distribution of wagons along the tracks, reduce rolling stock downtime and speed up cargo processing. Objective. To improve the method of distributing industrial railway stations tracks for the accumulation of wagon groups between individual destinations. The optimization problem is to find such a distribution of classification works between an industrial marshalling yard and freight stations, as well as such a distribution of marshalling yard tracks between individual destinations, which ensures minimal time costs for shunting operations.
Keywords: railway transport, industrial railway station, siding, shunting operations, accumulation of wagons, carriage routes.
Abstract. This article focuses on organizational measures to ensure aviation security during the launch of new international routes by Kazakhstani airlines. With the rapid expansion of Kazakhstan’s air transportation network, new destinations are often associated with emerging threats linked to geopolitical conditions, terrorism risks, and stricter requirements for passenger screening. The aim of the study is to identify, systematize, and scientifically substantiate organizational measures for aviation security, and to evaluate their effectiveness using the cases of Kazakhstani airlines Air Astana and SCAT. The methodology is based on the analysis of international (ICAO, EASA, IATA) and national (Civil Aviation Committee of Kazakhstan) regulatory documents, combined with qualitative and quantitative risk assessment methods. The probability (P) and severity (C) of potential threats were assessed using the formula R = P × C. This approach enabled the comparison of international practices and the identification of the most effective measures, including enhanced pre-flight screening, adaptive staff training, and passenger behavior monitoring. The findings show that the most effective measures were integrated passenger flow control (93%) and systematic route risk analysis (90%). Comparative analysis demonstrated the importance of combining international standards with national regulations within a unified security management system. The scientific novelty of the study lies in developing a comprehensive framework for aviation security when introducing new routes. Its practical significance is reflected in the applicability of the results for airlines in planning international operations, reducing security risks, and ensuring compliance with global standards, thus supporting the safe growth of civil aviation in Kazakhstan.
Keywords: aviation security, new routes, airlines of Kazakhstan, inspection, threats, security measures.
Abstract. In an era marked by global supply chain disruptions, optimizing risk management processes in logistics is essential for improving operational resilience and decision-making efficiency. This paper investigates the implementation of digital technologies—specifically predictive analytics, digital twins, and AI-driven risk assessment models—in the identification, evaluation, and mitigation of risks in logistics. A case study based on a mid-sized logistics provider operating in Central Asia is presented to demonstrate the quantitative impact of digital integration. The study employs a hybrid methodology combining Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) with Monte Carlo simulation to assess the probabilistic consequences of supply delays, vehicle breakdowns, and warehouse bottlenecks. The findings indicate a 37% reduction in risk exposure and a 21% increase in supply chain responsiveness after the deployment of an AI-powered predictive platform. Additionally, the average delay time per delivery was reduced from 3.5 to 2.2 hours, and the Risk Priority Number (RPN) for key logistical hazards dropped from 216 to 136. This demonstrates the significant value of digitization in enhancing the accuracy of risk assessments and optimizing logistics operations under uncertainty. The study concludes with strategic recommendations for integrating digital tools into logistics workflows, emphasizing scalability and adaptability for companies facing complex risk environments.
Keywords: risk management, logistics, digital technologies, predictive analytics, digital twin, Monte Carlo simulation, supply chain optimization.
Abstract. In the context of the development of the economic activity of enterprises, it is very important to choose the right strategy and identify your place in the market. One of the priorities of every enterprise is to reduce costs. A properly developed logistics strategy allows you to reduce stocks, transportation costs, improve relationships with suppliers, distributors and end users. This in turn will lead to the functioning of enterprises and ensure competitiveness in the market. In this article, a special place is allocated to the strategic plan of logistics in the enterprise, the processes and components of the logistics strategy in the enterprise are highlighted. The functional responsibilities of management in the process of strategic planning at the enterprise in market
conditions are considered. The purpose of this scientific work is to determine the theoretical and practical aspects of the business strategy in the enterprise and highlight the features of the functioning of the logistics strategy as a whole in modern conditions. Research methods are focused on a narrow subject area, narrowly focused, but sufficient to fulfill the stated purpose of the article. The article uses theoretical-empirical methods to explain and highlight the components.
Keywords: strategy, strategic management, management, logistics, logistics strategy, business strategy, competitiveness, transportation, supply, costs.
Abstract. In September 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping launched the «One Belt, One Road» initiative, proposing to combine land and sea trade routes to ensure fast and economical delivery of goods to countries in Southeast Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. As part of this initiative, it is planned to integrate two projects—the Silk Road Economic Belt, which covers several economic corridors, and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. To date, more than 150 countries have already concluded cooperation agreements with China on this program [1]. Given its advantageous geographical location and the urgency of reviving the historic Great Silk Road in a modern format, Kazakhstan has actively engaged in competition for transit from China and is striving to take a key position in implementing the Silk Road Economic Belt project. To increase export and transit potential, KTZ is systematically working on infrastructure development since the growth in cargo transportation volumes requires a constant increase in the capacity of railway sections.
This article focuses on the technical effectiveness of the project aimed at increasing the capacity of the Almaty Freight Transportation department. This is due to the fact that the key transit routes of the Belt and Road Initiative pass through this branch. The location and prospects for developing the infrastructure of Kazakhstan’s largest freight office are important factors for the active participation of the Almaty office in implementing transport projects within the framework of the «One Belt—One Road» initiative.
Keywords: transport, transportation, logistics, infrastructure, transport corridors, one belt, one road, transit potential.
Abstract. The problem of flight delays is one of the key issues in the field of air transportation in Kazakhstan, having a significant impact on passenger service, airline operations and airport economics. Given the growth of passenger traffic and the active development of the aviation market, identifying and eliminating the causes of delays is becoming an important task to increase the competitiveness of the industry. The subject of the study is the causes of flight delays and their impact on the efficiency of airlines and airports in Kazakhstan. The study solved such tasks as analyzing the current state of flight punctuality in Kazakhstan, identifying the main factors influencing delays, assessing the economic and social consequences of flight schedule violations, and developing recommendations to reduce delays and improve punctuality. The purpose of the study was to study the causes of flight delays in the Kazakhstan air transportation market and to develop effective measures to minimize them.
The paper uses methods of statistical analysis, expert surveys, analysis of regulatory documents, as well as a comparative analysis of punctuality indicators of leading air carriers. The main results of the study were the identification of key causes of flight delays, including weather conditions, technical malfunctions, airport congestion and organizational factors, the analysis of flight delay statistics of the largest airlines in Kazakhstan, the development of proposals to optimize the processes of planning and management of air transportation.
As a result of the study, measures have been proposed to reduce flight delays, including improving the operational planning system, introducing digital technologies to predict delays, modernizing airport infrastructure, and improving the regulatory framework. The implementation of these recommendations will improve the punctuality of air transportation and improve the quality of passenger service in Kazakhstan.
Keywords: flight delays, air transport market, flight regularity, airports, airlines, quality of service, flight safety.
Abstract. In modern conditions, despite the development of technology, companies continue to face problems of optimizing cargo transportation. One solution is to implement automated logistics management systems, but this process involves a number of challenges, including cyber threats, market risks, and the need for significant financial investments. Air cargo transportation remains one of the most demanded transportation methods, providing fast and efficient delivery at the international level. Kazakhstan, having a strategically advantageous geographical location, has a high transit potential. One of the promising areas is the development of Almaty Airport as an international cargo hub, which will increase cargo flow and strengthen the country’s position in global trade. However, the high cost of airport services can become a deterrent, which requires a revision of the tariff policy and an increase in revenue due to non-aviation activities. The modernization of the airport’s infrastructure, the introduction of innovative technologies and digital solutions such as SAP Transportation Management will improve the accuracy and efficiency of logistics processes. This will not only improve the level of service, but also strengthen Kazakhstan’s competitive position in the field of air cargo transportation, contributing to sustainable economic development and integration into the global transport system.
Keywords: cargo transportation, aviation company, efficiency improvement, SAP Transportation Management, airport, marketing.