Abstract. In this work, considering that traditional data processing methods in air traffic control systems in areas with complex terrain—mountainous and foothill regions—often lack sufficient accuracy, which can lead to a decrease in the level of air transport safety and efficiency, it is proposed to develop methods for increasing data processing accuracy under complex noise conditions in mountainous and foothill areas.Taking into account the specific features of the terrain and technical limitations, the main factors affecting the reduction in data processing accuracy operating in mountainous and foothill conditions were identified, including meteorological, radio-technical, topographical, and anthropogenic interference. At the same time, criteria for assessing data processing accuracy under interference loads, as well as system reliability parameters depending on the degree of distortion of information flows, have been introduced and new results have been obtained, which will ensure increased safety and efficiency of air traffic in complex conditions.
Keywords: mountainous regions, interference, navigation, system, terrain, noise.
Abstract. Improving the efficiency of the transportation process on the railways of Kazakhstan by optimizing the Train Formation plan (TPP) is an important task in the context of growing transit flows, especially in such key divisions as the Almaty Transportation Department. Traditional methods of calculating the TFR used in the regional Transportation Management Center (RCMP-2) often do not provide global optimization and high transit of wagon flows at complex, branched landfills. The purpose of the study is to develop and test a method of dynamic transit forecasting to create optimal PFPS at the landfills of the Almaty branch.
The work is based on a mathematical model that formalizes the process as a multi-stage optimization problem with a transit maximization criterion (T_r). The main difference between the method is that is a calculation from the destination station to the departure station, a step-by-step selection of conditionally optimal solutions for combining or distributing car flows based on a comparison of car-hour savings. Detailed algorithms and flowcharts have been developed for linear directions and adjacent polygons suitable for implementation in an automated control system (ACS). The use of the method had a significant impact. At 15 stations and two adjacent landfills, it was possible to obtain optimal PFPS, saving 13,790 car-hours. A comparative analysis of the linear route of 6 stations shows that the proposed method allows increasing the number of flows arriving at the destination station by trains by 25-30%, and the number of transit stations from 5 to 8 compared with the traditional method. Doubling the capacity of the flows at the entrance to the landfill led to savings of 3.5-4 times per wagon–hour. The method of dynamic transit forecasting is a fundamentally new approach to the organization of carriage flows. It provides a significant increase in transitivity, reduction of sorting operations and acceleration of cargo delivery. The developed algorithms are adapted for implementation in the automated control system RCUP-2 of the Almaty branch of JSC NC KTZ and allow real-time automation of the OS correction process, which creates the basis for the transition to intelligent operational management systems.
Keywords: train formation plan, transit, dynamic forecasting, optimization, carriage flow, railway landfill, algorithm, saving car hours, JSC NC KTZ.
Abstract. With the digitalization of the economy and increasing demands on the efficiency of logistics processes, the importance of methods for optimizing transport flows and resource allocation is growing. One key tool for solving such problems is the linear programming transport model, which minimizes the total cost of transportation between suppliers and consumers. Forming an initial feasible baseline plan is of particular importance when solving a transportation problem, since the quality of the initial solution directly affects the speed of subsequent optimization and computational costs. This article provides a comparative analysis of methods for creating an initial baseline plan for a transportation problem used in logistics systems and digital supply chains. The relevance of the study stems from the need to reduce transportation costs and improve the computational efficiency of optimization algorithms in the context of growing logistics networks. This paper examines the northwest corner, minimum cost, Vogel approximation, and dual preference methods. The methods were evaluated through computational experiments using criteria such as the initial plan cost, the number of subsequent optimization iterations, computational complexity, and the degree of approximation to the optimal solution. It was found that the quality of the initial baseline plan has a significant impact on the efficiency of solving a transportation problem. The Vogel approximation method demonstrated the most consistent results, ensuring minimal deviation from the optimal solution and a reduced number of optimization iterations compared to other approaches. The scientific novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive comparative evaluation of methods for generating an initial baseline plan using a set of quantitative performance criteria in the context of digitalization of logistics processes. The practical significance of the results lies in the potential application of the findings in the development of digital decision support systems, automation of transportation planning, and optimization of logistics costs.
Keywords: transport problem, initial baseline plan, transport logistics, Vogel method, transportation optimization, linear programming, transport costs, digitalization of logistics.
Abstract. Reverse supply chains (RSCs) have been increasingly promoted as a mechanism for improving resource efficiency and reducing environmental impacts in mining industries. However, in emerging economies such as Kazakhstan, the economic feasibility of mining waste recycling remains uncertain due to long transportation distances, high operational costs, and limited processing infrastructure. While previous studies have demonstrated the potential of optimization-based reverse logistics models, conversion efficiency is commonly treated as an assumed or fixed parameter rather than a critical feasibility condition. This limits the practical applicability of existing models for decision-makers. This study addresses this gap by conducting a threshold (break-even) analysis to identify the minimum conversion efficiency required for reverse supply chain operations to achieve economic viability in Kazakhstan’s mining sector. Building upon an established reverse supply chain cost structure, the proposed approach evaluates system profitability across a range of conversion efficiency levels under alternative logistics scenarios. The analysis focuses on the relationship between conversion efficiency and aggregated cost drivers, including transportation, processing, and fixed operational costs.
The results demonstrate that reverse supply chain feasibility is highly sensitive to conversion efficiency and that profitability can only be achieved once a clearly defined conversion threshold is exceeded. Below this threshold, improvements in logistics efficiency alone are insufficient to offset total system costs. The findings highlight conversion efficiency as a dominant strategic parameter in early-stage reverse supply chain planning for mining waste recycling. By explicitly defining conversion efficiency thresholds, this study provides a practical decision-support tool for policymakers and industry stakeholders. The results contribute to the development of economically grounded reverse supply chain strategies and support the transition toward sustainable and circular mining practices in Kazakhstan.
Key words: reverse supply chain, conversion efficiency, break-even analysis, mining waste recycling, economic feasibility
Abstract. The development of the global economy, the growth of international trade, and the increasing complexity of supply chains are increasing the strategic importance of transport and logistics systems. As part of these processes, transport and logistics services are becoming a key driver of economic growth for countries with high transit potential. The Republic of Kazakhstan is located in the center of the Eurasian continent and at the intersection of major land routes connecting Europe and Asia. This situation creates objective preconditions for strengthening the country’s role in the system of international transport corridors and effectively utilizing its transport and logistics potential. The purpose of this article is to comprehensively analyze the possibilities for increasing Kazakhstan’s transport and logistics potential in the context of developing international transport corridors and identify priority areas for its implementation. The study examined the operations of the main international transport corridors passing through Kazakhstan, the dynamics of transit freight traffic, and the level of development of transport infrastructure. Particular attention was paid to the role of rail transport and multimodal logistics hubs. The results of the study showed that the country’s transport and logistics potential is currently realized primarily through transit, and the level of added value is limited. In conclusion, it was substantiated that improving transport infrastructure, developing a network of logistics hubs, and introducing digital technologies are the main conditions for increasing Kazakhstan’s competitiveness in the international transport system.
Key words: transport and logistics potential, international transport corridors, transit, rail transport, multimodal transportation, logistics hub, transport infrastructure.
Abstrakt. The article addresses the issues related to the study of digital logistics and the analysis of the degree of implementation of modern technologies in the transport and logistics sector of Kazakhstan. The research is based on an assessment of the interconnection between technological readiness, innovation-driven development, and logistics efficiency. Since the late 1990s, when the concepts of internet technologies and the digital economy were first widely discussed, significant transformations have taken place, fundamentally reshaping business processes and consumer practices. Over more than two decades, digitalization has evolved into a crucial driver of competitiveness and efficiency in transport logistics. Today, digitalization is no longer perceived as an innovative phenomenon but as a normative standard of industry development. Practical examples include electronic tickets, online passenger check-in systems, digital navigation platforms, and mobile applications for taxi services. These technologies, which once appeared unattainable, are now integrated into everyday logistics operations and consumer practices. At the same time, the ongoing digital transformation is increasingly oriented towards the adoption of advanced solutions, such as unmanned vehicles, intelligent traffic management systems, and smart transport infrastructure capable of monitoring compliance with traffic regulations. Digital platforms are becoming a cornerstone of the modern global economy by ensuring transparency, accessibility, and efficiency of logistics chains. Their role is particularly significant in enhancing the integration of Kazakhstan’s transport and logistics system into global supply chains, thereby supporting sustainable economic development and strengthening the country’s transit potential.
Keywords: digital logistics, digitalization, innovation, transport infrastructure, freight transportation.
Abstract. At present, the organization of parking spaces constitutes a pressing issue in many cities worldwide, including in our country. This trend is driven by the sustained growth in the level of motorization. Its consequences are manifested in increased traffic flow intensity on urban arterial streets, reduced capacity of major roadways and transport nodes, heightened transportation load on elements of the street and road infrastructure. Under these conditions, municipal authorities face the task of developing a comprehensive project for the organization and management of parking spaces. It is well recognized that the transport infrastructure of each city possesses individual characteristics, historically shaped features and specific challenges. At the same time, the analysis and application of experience from foreign countries with high levels of motorization represent valuable practical and methodological resources that should be taken into account when addressing parking organization issues in large cities of our country. The implementation of substantial changes on arterial streets aimed at increasing the capacity of urban road networks is characteristic of most cities. During certain periods of traffic demand, the reduction of priority transport load on arterial streets may be achieved through the operation of park-and-ride systems. Within the framework of the present study, the isochrone method is considered as the principal methodological tool for assessing the spatiotemporal efficiency of transport systems. The proposed approach is primarily oriented toward the analysis of traffic flows at the urban level.
Keywords: park-and-ride, peak hour, traffic delay, parking systems, traffic flow rate, isochrone, transport load, motor vehicles, arterial streets, traffic composition, street and road network.
Abstract. In the current global context, supply chains are facing heightened exposure to risks arising from political tensions, restrictive trade measures, and rapid technological shifts. Under these conditions, effective risk management becomes not just a supporting function, but a key element of competitiveness. The present study explores how digital solutions can be applied to identify and reduce the most pressing risks in supply chain operations. The research addresses both operational challenges within logistics processes and broader strategic threats. Its primary aim is to demonstrate the contribution of digitalization to risk reduction and overall resilience. For this purpose, a set of complementary methods was applied: Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to detect weaknesses at the process level and comparative assessment of key performance indicators (KPIs) drawn from real-world cases of information system adoption. The analysis showed that the most significant risks are concentrated in warehouse receiving operations, where manual activities often lead to errors, and in order tracking, where insufficient visibility creates delays and customer dissatisfaction. These issues were identified as top priorities for corrective action. At the same time, the adoption of Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) and monitoring platforms significantly reduced errors, accelerated operations, and lowered costs. Comparative case analysis showed measurable improvements: inventory accuracy increased up to 99%, order picking productivity doubled, and logistics costs were substantially reduced. The study concludes that digital technologies not only address internal vulnerabilities but also create conditions for long-term supply chain resilience. However, external risks such as cyber threats and regulatory changes remain beyond the scope of technology alone and require complementary governance measures. It is therefore recommended to combine technological solutions with organizational practices, enabling companies to both prevent disruptions and build sustainable development strategies.
Keywords: supply chains, risks, digital technologies, warehouse management, efficiency, resilience, information systems.
Abstract. This article considers the issues of optimization of industrial railway station track distribution in order to improve the efficiency of wagon flow processing. The relevance of the topic is due to the need for rational use of limited track resources, increasing the throughput and processing capacity of stations, and reducing operating costs. The main attention is paid to the development of optimization models and methods that take into account the features of the formation and processing of wagon flows by destination, the schedule, the processing sequence and the limited track fund. The proposed solutions are based on the application of mathematical modeling methods, graph theory, linear and discrete programming. The results can be used to develop automated station control systems, which will significantly improve planning and operational distribution of wagons along the tracks, reduce rolling stock downtime and speed up cargo processing. Objective. To improve the method of distributing industrial railway stations tracks for the accumulation of wagon groups between individual destinations. The optimization problem is to find such a distribution of classification works between an industrial marshalling yard and freight stations, as well as such a distribution of marshalling yard tracks between individual destinations, which ensures minimal time costs for shunting operations.
Keywords: railway transport, industrial railway station, siding, shunting operations, accumulation of wagons, carriage routes.
Abstract. This article focuses on organizational measures to ensure aviation security during the launch of new international routes by Kazakhstani airlines. With the rapid expansion of Kazakhstan’s air transportation network, new destinations are often associated with emerging threats linked to geopolitical conditions, terrorism risks, and stricter requirements for passenger screening. The aim of the study is to identify, systematize, and scientifically substantiate organizational measures for aviation security, and to evaluate their effectiveness using the cases of Kazakhstani airlines Air Astana and SCAT. The methodology is based on the analysis of international (ICAO, EASA, IATA) and national (Civil Aviation Committee of Kazakhstan) regulatory documents, combined with qualitative and quantitative risk assessment methods. The probability (P) and severity (C) of potential threats were assessed using the formula R = P × C. This approach enabled the comparison of international practices and the identification of the most effective measures, including enhanced pre-flight screening, adaptive staff training, and passenger behavior monitoring. The findings show that the most effective measures were integrated passenger flow control (93%) and systematic route risk analysis (90%). Comparative analysis demonstrated the importance of combining international standards with national regulations within a unified security management system. The scientific novelty of the study lies in developing a comprehensive framework for aviation security when introducing new routes. Its practical significance is reflected in the applicability of the results for airlines in planning international operations, reducing security risks, and ensuring compliance with global standards, thus supporting the safe growth of civil aviation in Kazakhstan.
Keywords: aviation security, new routes, airlines of Kazakhstan, inspection, threats, security measures.
Abstract. In an era marked by global supply chain disruptions, optimizing risk management processes in logistics is essential for improving operational resilience and decision-making efficiency. This paper investigates the implementation of digital technologies—specifically predictive analytics, digital twins, and AI-driven risk assessment models—in the identification, evaluation, and mitigation of risks in logistics. A case study based on a mid-sized logistics provider operating in Central Asia is presented to demonstrate the quantitative impact of digital integration. The study employs a hybrid methodology combining Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) with Monte Carlo simulation to assess the probabilistic consequences of supply delays, vehicle breakdowns, and warehouse bottlenecks. The findings indicate a 37% reduction in risk exposure and a 21% increase in supply chain responsiveness after the deployment of an AI-powered predictive platform. Additionally, the average delay time per delivery was reduced from 3.5 to 2.2 hours, and the Risk Priority Number (RPN) for key logistical hazards dropped from 216 to 136. This demonstrates the significant value of digitization in enhancing the accuracy of risk assessments and optimizing logistics operations under uncertainty. The study concludes with strategic recommendations for integrating digital tools into logistics workflows, emphasizing scalability and adaptability for companies facing complex risk environments.
Keywords: risk management, logistics, digital technologies, predictive analytics, digital twin, Monte Carlo simulation, supply chain optimization.
Abstract. In the context of the development of the economic activity of enterprises, it is very important to choose the right strategy and identify your place in the market. One of the priorities of every enterprise is to reduce costs. A properly developed logistics strategy allows you to reduce stocks, transportation costs, improve relationships with suppliers, distributors and end users. This in turn will lead to the functioning of enterprises and ensure competitiveness in the market. In this article, a special place is allocated to the strategic plan of logistics in the enterprise, the processes and components of the logistics strategy in the enterprise are highlighted. The functional responsibilities of management in the process of strategic planning at the enterprise in market
conditions are considered. The purpose of this scientific work is to determine the theoretical and practical aspects of the business strategy in the enterprise and highlight the features of the functioning of the logistics strategy as a whole in modern conditions. Research methods are focused on a narrow subject area, narrowly focused, but sufficient to fulfill the stated purpose of the article. The article uses theoretical-empirical methods to explain and highlight the components.
Keywords: strategy, strategic management, management, logistics, logistics strategy, business strategy, competitiveness, transportation, supply, costs.